Generalized (ψ,φ)-weak Contractions In 0-complete Partial Metric Spaces
Mehmet Ali Akturk1,, Esra Yolacan2
1Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences, Avcilar Campus-34320, Istanbul, Turkey
2Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education, Mathematics Teacher, 60000 Tokat, Turkey
Abstract
In this paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems in 0-complete partial metric spaces. Our results extend and generalize many existing results in the literature. Some examples are included which show that the generalization is proper.
Keywords: partial metric space, weak contraction, fixed point
Copyright © 2016 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved.Cite this article:
- Mehmet Ali Akturk, Esra Yolacan. Generalized (ψ,φ)-weak Contractions In 0-complete Partial Metric Spaces. Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2016, pp 14-19. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jmsa/4/1/3
- Akturk, Mehmet Ali, and Esra Yolacan. "Generalized (ψ,φ)-weak Contractions In 0-complete Partial Metric Spaces." Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications 4.1 (2016): 14-19.
- Akturk, M. A. , & Yolacan, E. (2016). Generalized (ψ,φ)-weak Contractions In 0-complete Partial Metric Spaces. Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, 4(1), 14-19.
- Akturk, Mehmet Ali, and Esra Yolacan. "Generalized (ψ,φ)-weak Contractions In 0-complete Partial Metric Spaces." Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications 4, no. 1 (2016): 14-19.
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1. Introduction and Preliminaries
Partial metric spaces were introduced by Matthews in [9] as a part of the study of denotational semantics of dataow networks. In fact, it is widely recognized that partial metric spaces play an important role in constructing models in the theory of computation [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
Definition 1. [9] A partial metric on a nonempty set is a function
such that for all
(pms1)
(pms2)
(pms3)
(pms4)
The pair is called a partial metric space.
If is a partial metric on
then the function
given by
is a metric on
Each partial metric p on
inroduces a
topology
on
which has as a base the family of open balls
for all
and
Definition 2. [9] Let be a partial metric space, and let
be any sequence in
and
Then
(a) a sequence is convergent to x with respect to
if
;
(b) a sequence is a Cauchy sequence in
if
existsand is finite;
(c) is called complete if for every Cauchy sequence
in
there exists
such that
In 2010, Romaguera proved in [4-Theorem 2.3] that a partial metric space is 0-complete if and only if every
-Caristi mapping on
has a fixed point. Since then several papers have dealt with fixed point theory for single-valued and multi-valued operators in 0-complete partial metric space (see [1-8][1] and references therein).
Definition 3. [4] Let be a partial metric space. A sequence
in X is called a 0-Cauchy sequence if
The space
is said to be 0-complete if every 0-Cauchy sequence in
converges with respect to
to a point
such that
Remark 1. [15, 16] Let be a partial metric space. If
as
then
as
for all
Lemma 1. [2] Let be a partial metric space and let
be a sequence in
such that
![]() | (1.1) |
If is not 0-Cauchy sequence in
, then there exists
and two sequences
and
of positive integers such that
and the following sequences tend to
as
![]() | (1.2) |
Definition 4. [17] Let f and g be self maps of a set X. If for some
then x is called a coincidence point of f and g, and w is called a point of coincidence of f and g. The pair f, g of self maps is weakly compatible if they commute at their coincidence points.
Proposition 1. [17] Let f and g be weakly compatible self maps of a set X. If f and g have a unique point of coincidence w = fx = gx, then w is the unique common fixed point of f and g.
2. Main Results
Denote by the set of functions
satisfying the following conditions:
is continuous nondecreasing;
for all
and
Denote by the set of functions
satisfying the following conditions:
is a lower semi-continuous functions;
for all
and
Theorem 1. Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mappings
satisfy
![]() | (2.1) |
where and
and
![]() | (2.2) |
for all If the range of g contains the range of f and f (X) or g (X) is a closed subset of X, then f and g have a unique point of coincidence in X. Moreover, if f and g are weakly compatible, then f and g have a unique common fixed point z and
Proof. First, we prove that f and g have a unique point of coincidence (if it exists). If with
and
with
, we assume c1 6= c2. Using (2.1) and (2.2), we have
![]() |
![]() |
which is a contradiction. Thus , that is,
Thus, the point of coincidence of f and g is unique (if it exists).
We construct a sequence as follows:
Let Choose a point
such that
This can be done, as the range of g contains the range of f. Continuing in the same way, having chosen
we get
such that
(say). Therefore, we get the sequence
such that
for all
Consider the two possible cases:
(i) for some
In this case is a point of coincidence and then the proof is finished.
(ii) for every
From (2.1) and (2.2), using properties of functions and
, we obtain
![]() |
which implies that
![]() |
Then, we have
![]() |
If then
Furthermore, it implies that
![]() |
which is a contradiction. Therefore, we have
![]() | (2.3) |
It follows from (2.3) that the sequence is nonincreasing. Therefore,
![]() |
Letting in inequality
![]() |
we obtain and
Thus
![]() | (2.4) |
We next prove that is a 0-Cauchy sequence in the space
. It is sufficient to show that
is a 0-Cauchy sequence. Suppose the opposite. Then using Lemma 1, we see that there exist
and two sequences
and
of positive integers and sequences
![]() | (2.5) |
all tend to when
Using (2.1) and (2.2), we get that
![]() | (2.6) |
Using (2.4) and (2.5), we obtain
![]() |
Letting in (2.6), we get that
which is a contradiction if
This show that is a 0-Cauchy sequence in the space
and
is a 0-Cauchy sequence in the space
If is closed in
then there exist
such that
and
![]() |
Now, putting
and
in (2.1) and (2.2) we have
![]() | (2.7) |
Letting in (2.7) and by Remark 1, we obtain
![]() |
This implies that is,
Hence, f and g have a unique point of coincidence. By Proposition 1, f and g have a unique common fixed point.
When is closed set in
the proof similar.
Corollary 1. Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mapping
satisfy
![]() | (2.8) |
where and
and
![]() | (2.9) |
for all Then f has a unique fixed point
and
Proof. Taking (the identity mapping of
), along the lines of the proof of Theorem 1, we get the desired results. In view of the analogy, we skip the details of the proof.
Corollary 2. Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mappings
satisfy
![]() | (2.10) |
where and
![]() | (2.11) |
for all If the range of g contains the range of f and f (X) or g (X) is a closed subset of X, then f and g have a unique point of coincidence in X. Moreover, if f and g are weakly compatible, then f and g have a unique common fixed point z and
![]() |
Proof. To prove the above corollary it suffices to take in Theorem 1.
Corollary 3. Let (X; p) be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mapping f : X ! X satisfy
![]() | (2.12) |
where and
![]() | (2.13) |
for all Then
has a unique fixed point
and
Proof. Taking in Corollary 2, we have desired results.
Corollary 4. [2] Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mappings
satisfy
![]() | (2.14) |
where and
![]() | (2.15) |
for all If the range of g contains the range of f and
or
is a closed subset of X, then f and g have a unique point of coincidence in X. Moreover, if f and g are weakly compatible, then f and g have a unique common fixed point z and
Proof. To prove the above corollary it suffices to take in Corollary 2.
Corollary 5. Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mapping
satisfy
![]() | (2.16) |
where and
![]() | (2.17) |
for all Then f has a unique fixed point
and
Corollary 6. [18] Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mapping
and there exist nonnegative constants bi satisfying
such that, for each
![]() | (2.18) |
Then f has a unique fixed point and
Corollary 6 is a simple consequence of Corollary 5.
Corollary 7. Let be a 0-complete partial metric spaces. Suppose mapping
satisfy
![]() | (2.19) |
for each and
. Then f has a unique fixed point
and
Proof. It follows from Corollary 6.
Conclusion 1. 1. Our theorems and corolaries which include the corresponding results announced in Boyd and Wong [19] (1969), Rhoades [20] (1977) as special cases fundamentally improve and generalize the results of Ahmad et al. [2] (2012) and Radenović [18] (2013).
2. Taking and
in Corollary 6, we obtain extension of Kannan Theorem on a 0-complete partial metric spaces.
3. Taking and
in Corollary 6, we obtain extension of Reich Theorem on a 0-complete partial metric spaces.
4. Taking and
in Corollary 6, we obtain extension of Chatterjea Theorem on a 0-complete partial metric spaces.
Now, we give a example which illustrate Theorem 1.
Example 1. Let , and le
be defined by
for all
Then,
is a 0-complete partial metric space. Define
![]() |
Take and
for each
We distinguish five cases:
Case 1: If (x = 0 and y = 0) or (x = 0 and y = 1) or (x = 0 and y = 2) or (x = 1 and y = 1) or (x = 1 and y = 2) or (x = 2 and y = 2), we have
![]() |
where
![]() |
Case 2: If x = 0 and y = 3, we have
![]() |
and
![]() |
Hence,
![]() |
Case 3: If x = 1 and y = 3, we have
![]() |
and
![]() |
![]() |
Thus,
![]() |
Case 4: If x = 2 and y = 3, we have
![]() |
and
![]() |
Thus,
![]() |
Case 5: If x = 3 and y = 3, we have
![]() |
and
![]() |
![]() |
Thus,
![]() |
It is obvious that all the condition of Theorem 1 is satisfied. Therefore, we apply Theorem 1 and f and g have a unique common fixed point, i.e. 0.
The following is a example which illustrate our results and that the generalizations are proper.
Example 2. Let and let
be defined by
for all
Then,
is a 0-complete partial metric space, but it is not complete partial metric space. Define
by
![]() |
Then all the conditions of Theorem 1 are satisfied with and
and f and g have a unique common fixed point, i.e. 0.
Acknowledgement 1. The authors wish to thank the editor and referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.
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