The discharge of heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems has become a matter of concern in India over the last few decades. These pollutants are introduced into the aquatic systems significantly as a result of various industrial operations. Industrialization in India gained a momentum with initiation of five year developmental plan in the early 50's. The pollutants of concern include lead, chromium, mercury, uranium, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, gold, silver, copper and nickel. The main objective of the work is to remove the heavy metal by using biomass.
| [1] | Aksu Z. and Kutsal T. (2011). A comparative study for biosorption characteristics of heavy metals ions with C. vulgaris. Environ. Technol. 11 979-987.View Article |
| [2] | Atkinson B.W. Bux F, and Kasan H.C., (2008). Consideration for application of biosorption technology to remediate metal-contaminated industrial effluents. Water SA 24 (2) 129-135. |
| [3] | Bailey, S.E., Olin, T.J., Bricka, R.M., Adrian, D.D., (1999). A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals. Water Res. 33, 2469-2479.View Article |
| [4] | Brady D., Stoll A., and Duncan J.R., (2004) Biosorption of heavy metal cations by non-viable yeast biomass. Environ. Technol. 15 429-438.View Article |
| [5] | Brierley C.L., Brierley J.A., and Davidson M.S., (2009). Applied microbial processes for metals recovery and removal from wastewater. In: Beveridge TJ and Doyle RJ (eds.) Metal Ions and Bacteria. Wiley, New York. 359-382. |
| [6] | Butter T.J., Evison L.M., Hancock I.C., Holland F.S., Matis K.A., Philipson A., Sheikh A.I. and Zouboulis A.I. (2008). The removal and recovery of cadmium from dilute aqueous solutions by biosorption and electrolysis at laboratory scale. Water Res. 32 (2) 400-406.View Article |
| [7] | Dos Santos, M.C., Lenzi, E., 2000. The use of aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes) as a biological filter in the treatment of lead contaminated effluents. Environ. Technol. 21, 615-622. |
| [8] | Dushenkov, V., Kumar, P.B.A.N., Motto, H., Raskin, I., (1995). Rhizofiltration: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from aqueous streams. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 1239-1245.View Article PubMed |
| [9] | Fourest E., and Volesky B., (2006). Contribution of silphonate groups and alginate to heavy metals biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargasum fluitans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 277-282.View Article |
| [10] | Huang C., and Huang C.P., (2006) Application of Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oryzae for Cu (II) removal. Water Res. 9 1985-1990. |
| [11] | Huang C.P., Westman D., Quirk K., and Huang J.P. (2010). The removal of cadmium (II) from dilute solutions by fungal biomass. Water Sci. Technol. 20 369-376. |
| [12] | Juang, R.S., Shiau, R.C., (2000). Metal removal from aqueous solutions using chitosan-enhanced membrane filtration. J. Membrane Sci. 165, 159-167.View Article |
| [13] | Juang, R.S., Shiau, R.C., (2000). Metal removal from aqueous solutions using chitosan-enhanced membrane filtration. J. Membrane Sci. 165, 159-167.View Article |
| [14] | Kapoor A. and Viraraghavan T., (2012) Fungal biosorption-An alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewater: A review. Bioresour. Technol. 53 195-206. |
| [15] | Lee, S.H., Jung, C.H., Chung, H., Lee, M.Y., Yang, J., (1998). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by apple residues. Process Biochem. 33, 205-211.View Article |
| [16] | Loaec M., Olier R., and Guezennec J., (2007) Uptake of lead, cadmium and zinc by a novel bacterial expolysaccharide. Water Res. 31 (5) 1171-1179.View Article |
| [17] | Mullen M.D., Wolf D.C., Beveridge T.J., and Bailey GW (2002) Sorption of heavy metals by the soil fungi Aspergillus niger and Mucor rouxii. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 24 (2) 129-135.View Article |
| [18] | Mullen M.D., Wolf D.C., Ferris F.G., Beveridge T.J., Flemming C.A., and Bailey G.W., (2009) Bacterial sorption of heavy metals. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 3143-3149. |
| [19] | Spinti M., Zhuang H., and Trujillo E.M., (2005) Evaluation of immobilized biomass beads for removing heavy metals from wastewaters. Water Environ. Res. 67 (6) 943-954.View Article |
| [20] | Tobin J.M., and Roux J.C. (2008) Mucor biosorbent for chromium removal from tanning effluent. Water Res. 32 (5) 1407-1416.View Article |
| [21] | Vaughan, T., Seo, C.W., Marshall, W.E., (2001). Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solution using modified corncobs. Bioresour. Technol. 78, 133-139.View Article |
| [22] | Whistler R and Daniel T.R (2005) Carbonhydrates. In: Owen R Fennema (ed.) Food Chemistry. 96-105. |