Figure 2. Common galactic spiral patterns produced by the new galactic spiral equations (First row, a: ρ = 0.1, single spiral ring, b: ρ = 0.5, single spiral ring; c: ρ = 0.7, SBa; d: ρ = 1.4, SBb,; e: ρ = 2.5, SBc. Second row, f: ρ = 0.6*exp(-0.0001*(θ-360)2), double ring; g: ρ = 0.6*exp(-0.00001*(θ-450)2), double ring; h: ρ = 6, Sa; i: ρ = 6 + 0.05*θ, Sb; j: ρ = 6+0.08*θ, Sc)

From

Spirals and Rings in Barred Galaxies by the ROTASE Model

Hongjun Pan

International Journal of Physics. 2021, 9(6), 286-307 doi:10.12691/ijp-9-6-5