Article Versions
Export Article
Open Access Peer-reviewed

Root Soil (R/S) Ratio in Plants used for Phytoremediation of Different Industrial Effluents

Dipu Sukumaran1,, Anju Anilkumar2, Salom Gnana Thanga2

1Central Pollution Control Board, Southend Conclave, Kolkata, India

2Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram

International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation. 2015, 3(1), 10-14. DOI: 10.12691/ijebb-3-1-2
Published online: August 25, 2017

Abstract

The study aims to find the variation of rhizhosphere microbes under various industrial effluents of organic and inorganic origin for phytoremediation. Four different types of effluents (dairy, chemical, rare earth, latex) and two types of plants (emergent, floating) were used. The root microbes were found highest in roots of emergent plants than the floating plants. The increase in biomass was highest in dairy effluent (organic) in emergent plants. The study provides a candidate species for the phytoremediation of different types of effluents.

Keywords:

rhizosphere, emergent plants, floating plants, phytoremediation, effluents
[1]  Dixon, A., Simon, M. and Burkitt, T. “Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small scale wastewater treatment: Comparing a reed bed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach”, Ecological Engineering, 20. 297-308. 2003.View Article 
 
[2]  Azaizeh, H., Salhani, N., Sebesvari, Z. and Emons, H. “The potential of rhizosphere microbes isolated from a constructed wetland to biomethylate selenium”, Journal of Environmental Quality, 32. 55-62. 2003.View Article  PubMed 
 
[3]  USEPA. A Citizen's Guide to Bioremediation - Technology Fact Sheet, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 542-F-98-011. 6-16. 1999.
 
[4]  Badalucco, L. and Kuikman, P.J. Mineralization and immobilization in the rhizosphere. In: R Pinton; Z Varanini; P Nannipieri (Eds). The Rhizosphere. Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. Marcel Dekker, New York. 141-196. 2001.
 
[5]  Dipu, S., Anju, A. K. and Salom, G.T.V. “Phytoremediation of dairy effluent by constructed wetland technology”, Environmentalist, 31. 263-278. 2011.View Article 
 
[6]  Mackie and McCartney. Practical Medical biology. (Eds.) Fraser, C.J.G., Marmion, A.G., Simmons B.P., 19th edition. 883-918. 1996.
 
[7]  Marschner, P. The role of rhizosphere microorganisms in relation to P uptake by plants. In 'The ecophysiology of plant-phosphorus interactions' Eds. White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Plant Ecophysiology Series, Springer, Heidelberg. 165-176. 2009.
 
[8]  Nannipieri, P. Ascher, J. Ceccherini, M.T. Landi, L. Pietramellara, G. and Renella, G. “Microbial diversity and soil functions”, Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54. 655-670. 2003.View Article 
 
[9]  Brimecombe, M.J., De, F.A., Lelj and Lynch, J.M. The Effect of Root Exudates on Rhizosphere Microbial Populations. In: The Rhizosphere. Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface Pinton, R., Varanini, Z. and Nannipieri, P. (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 95- 140. 2001.
 
[10]  Jones, R., Sun, W., Tang, C.S. and Robert, F.M. “Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils. II. Microbial response to plant roots and contaminant”, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Research, 11. 340-346. 2004View Article 
 
[11]  Kirk, J., Klironomos, J., Lee, H. and Trevors, J.T. “The effects of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa on microbial abundance and diversity in petroleum contaminated soil”, Environ. Pollut., 133. 455-465. 2005.View Article  PubMed 
 
[12]  Dipu, S. and Salom Gnana Thanga, V. “Heavy metal uptake, its effects on plant biochemistry of wetland (constructed) macrophytes and potential application of the used biomass”, Int. J. Environmental Engineering, 6(1), 43-54. 2014.View Article 
 
[13]  Altas, R.M. and Bartha, R. Microbial Ecology: Fundamental and application, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA. 563. 1993.
 
[14]  Wiebner, A., P. Kuschk, M. Kastner, and Stottmeister. “Abilities of Helophyte Species to release Oxygen into Rhizosphere with varying redox conditions in laboratory-scale hydroponics Systems”, Int. Jour. of phytoremediation, 4. 45-49. 2002.
 
[15]  Bañuelos, G.S., H. A. Ajwa, Terry N. and Zayed, A. “Phytoremediation of selenium laden soils: A new technology. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 52(6). 426-430. 1997.
 
[16]  Pilon-Smits, E. “Phytoremediation” Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 56.15-39. 2005.
 
[17]  Yang, X., Feng, Y., He, Z. andStoffella, P.J. “Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation”, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 18. 339-353. 2005.View Article  PubMed 
 
[18]  Dickerman, J. A. and Wetzel, R. G. “Clonal growth in Typha latifolia: Population dynamics and demography of the ramets”, Journal of Ecology, 73. 535-552. 1985.View Article 
 
[19]  Rajeswari, M., Kalaicheivi, K., Manian, S., Jayashree, I. “Irrigational impact of dye house effluent on plant growth and soil characteristics” J. Indl. Polln. Contl., 21(2). 299-304. 2005.