Infinite Series Forms of Double Integrals
Chii-Huei Yu1,, Shinn-Der Sheu2
1Department of Management and Information, Nan Jeon University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
2Department of Information Technology, Nan Jeon University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
Abstract
This paper studies six types of double integrals and uses Maple for verification. The infinite series forms of these double integrals can be obtained using Taylor series expansions and integration term by term theorem. In addition, some examples are used to demonstrate the calculations.
Keywords: double integrals, infinite series forms, Taylor series expansions, integration term by term theorem, Maple
International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and *Operations Research*, 2014 1 (2),
pp 16-20.
DOI: 10.12691/ijdeaor-1-2-1
Received June 06, 2014; Revised June 16, 2014; Accepted June 26, 2014
Copyright © 2013 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved.Cite this article:
- Yu, Chii-Huei, and Shinn-Der Sheu. "Infinite Series Forms of Double Integrals." International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and *Operations Research* 1.2 (2014): 16-20.
- Yu, C. , & Sheu, S. (2014). Infinite Series Forms of Double Integrals. International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and *Operations Research*, 1(2), 16-20.
- Yu, Chii-Huei, and Shinn-Der Sheu. "Infinite Series Forms of Double Integrals." International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and *Operations Research* 1, no. 2 (2014): 16-20.
Import into BibTeX | Import into EndNote | Import into RefMan | Import into RefWorks |
1. Introduction
In calculus and engineering mathematics, there are many methods to solve the integral problems including change of variables method, integration by parts method, partial fractions method, trigonometric substitution method, and so on. In this paper, we study the following six types of double integrals which are not easy to obtain their answers using the methods mentioned above.
![]() | (1) |
![]() | (2) |
![]() | (3) |
![]() | (4) |
![]() | (5) |
![]() | (6) |
where are any real numbers, and
is any positive integer. We can obtain the infinite series forms of these double integrals using Taylor series expansions and integration term by term theorem; these are the major results of this paper (i.e., Theorems 1-3). Adams et al. [1], Nyblom [2], and Oster [3] provided some techniques to solve the integral problems. Yu [4-29][4], Yu and B. -H. Chen [30], Yu and Sheu [31], and T. -J. Chen and Yu [32, 33, 34] used complex power series method, integration term by term theorem, differentiation with respect to a parameter, Parseval’s theorem, area mean value theorem, and generalized Cauchy integral formula to solve some types of integral problems. In this paper, three examples are used to demonstrate the proposed calculations, and the manual calculations are verified using Maple.
2. Main Results
Some formulas and theorems used in this paper are introduced below.
2.1. Euler’s Formula, where
, and
is any real number.
, where
is any integer, and
is any real number.
The followings are the Taylor series expansions of some analytic functions.
2.3.





The following two formulas can be found in [[35], p 62]
2.6.



An important theorem used in this study is introduced below, which can be found in [[36], p 269].
2.8. Integration Term by Term TheoremSuppose that is a sequence of Lebesgue integrable functions defined on
. If
is convergent, then
.
Firstly, we determine the infinite series forms of the double integrals (1) and (2).
Theorem 1. Suppose that are real numbers, and
is a positive integer. Then the double integrals:
![]() | (7) |
and
![]() | (8) |
Proof By Formula 2.3, we have:
![]() | (9) |
Let , where
are any real numbers, then:
![]() | (10) |
By Euler’s formula and DeMoivre’s formula, we obtain:
![]() | (11) |
It follows that:
![]() | (12) |
Using the equality of real parts of both sides of Eq. (12) yields:
![]() | (13) |
Therefore,
![]() |
On the other hand, by the equality of imaginary parts of both sides of Eq. (12) yields:
![]() | (14) |
Using integration term by term theorem, we can easily obtain:
![]() |
Next, the infinite series forms of the double integrals (3) and (4) can be obtained below.
Theorem 2. If the assumptions are the same as Theorem 1, then the double integrals:
![]() | (15) |
and
![]() | (16) |
Proof Using Formula 2.4 yields:
![]() | (17) |
Let , where
are any real numbers, then:
![]() | (18) |
By Euler’s formula, DeMoivre’s formula, and Formula 2.6, we obtain:
![]() | (19) |
Using the equality of real parts of both sides of Eq. (19) yields:
![]() | (20) |
Thus,
![]() |
On the other hand, using the equality of imaginary parts of both sides of Eq. (19) yields:
![]() | (21) |
By integration term by term theorem, we obtain Eq. (16).
Finally, we determine the infinite series forms of the double integrals (5) and (6).
Theorem 3 If the assumptions are the same as Theorem 1, then the double integrals:
![]() | (22) |
and
![]() | (23) |
Proof By Formula 2.5, we have:
![]() | (24) |
Let , where
are any real numbers, then:
![]() | (25) |
Using Formula 2.7 yields:
![]() | (26) |
By the equality of real parts of both sides of Eq. (26), we have:
![]() | (27) |
Hence,
![]() |
On the other hand, the equality of imaginary parts of both sides of Eq. (26) implies that:
![]() | (28) |
Thus, using integration term by term theorem yields Eq. (23) holds.
3. Examples
In the following, for the six types of double integrals in this study, we provide three examples and use Theorems 1-3 to determine their infinite series forms. In addition, Maple is used to calculate the approximations of some double integrals and their solutions for verifying our answers.
Example 1. By Eq. (7), we obtain:
![]() | (29) |
Next, we use Maple to verify the correctness of Eq. (29).
>evalf(Doubleint(exp(r*cos(theta))*cos(4*theta+r*sin(theta)),r=2..3,theta=Pi/6..Pi/3),18);
-0.109048195978862494
>evalf(sum(1/(k!*(k+1)*(k+4))*(3^(k+1)-2^(k+1))* (sin((k+4)*Pi/3)- sin((k+4)*Pi/6)), k=0..infinity), 18);
-0.10904819597886250
Also using Eq. (8) yields:
![]() | (30) |
>evalf(Doubleint(exp(r*cos(theta))*sin(6*theta+r*sin(theta)), r=3..5,theta=Pi/8..Pi/4),18);
-8.99753972102267964
>evalf(sum(-1/(k!*(k+1)*(k+6))*(5^(k+1)-3^(k+1))* (cos((k+6)*Pi/4)-cos((k+6)*Pi/8)),k=0..infinity), 18);
-8.99753972102267965
Example 2. Using Eq. (15) yields:
![]() | (31) |
We also use Maple to verify the correctness of Eq. (31).
>evalf(Doubleint(cos(2*theta)*sin(r*cos(theta))*cosh(r*sin(theta))- sin(2*theta)* cos(r*cos(theta))* sinh(r*sin (theta)), r=2..5, theta=Pi/6..Pi/4), 18);
2.95966791987337516
>evalf(sum((-1)^k/((2*k+1)!* (2*k+2)* (2*k+3))* (5^ (2*k+2)-2^(2*k+2))* (sin((2*k+3)*Pi/4)-sin ((2*k+3)*Pi/6)), k=0.infinity), 18);
2.95966791987337516
On the other hand, Eq. (16) implies that:
![]() | (32) |
>evalf(Doubleint(sin(3*theta)*sin(r*cos(theta))*cosh(r*sin(theta))+cos(3*theta)*cos(r*cos(theta))*sinh(r*sin(theta)), r=4..7,theta=Pi/12..Pi/6),18);
-1.64755306054358357
>evalf(sum((-1)^(k+1)/((2*k+1)!*(2*k+2)*(2*k+4))* (7^(2*k+2)-4^(2*k+2))*(cos((k+2)*Pi/3)-cos((k+2)*Pi/6)), k=0. infinity), 18);
-1.64755306054358358
Example 3. By Eq. (22) we have:
![]() | (33) |
Using Maple to verify the correctness of Eq. (33) as follows:
>evalf(Doubleint(cos(5*theta)*cos(r*cos(theta))*cosh(r*sin(theta))+sin(5*theta)*sin(r*cos(theta))*sinh(r*sin(theta)),
r=3..8,theta=2*Pi/3..5*Pi/6),18);
-42.8603724218153132
>evalf(sum((-1)^k/((2*k)!* (2*k+1)*(2*k+5))* (8^(2*k+1)- 3^(2*k+1))*(sin((10*k+25)*Pi/6)-sin((4*k+10)*Pi/3)), k=0. infinity), 18);
-42.8603721218153128
In addition, using Eq. (23) yields:
![]() | (34) |
>evalf(Doubleint(sin(3*theta)*cos(r*cos(theta))*cosh(r*sin(theta))-cos(3*theta)*
sin(r*cos(theta))* sinh(r*sin (theta)), r=2..6,theta=3*Pi/8..5*Pi/8),18);
-11.5671734819804792
>evalf(sum((-1)^(k+1)/((2*k)!* (2*k+1)*(2*k+3))* (6^(2*k+1)-2^(2*k+1))*(cos((10*k+15)*Pi/8)-cos ((6*k+9)*Pi/8)), k=0. infinity), 18);
-11.5671734819804793
4. Conclusion
In this paper, we use Taylor series expansions and integration term by term theorem to solve some types of double integrals. In fact, the applications of the two methods are extensive, and can be used to easily solve many difficult problems; we endeavor to conduct further studies on related applications. In addition, Maple also plays a vital assistive role in problem-solving. In the future, we will extend the research topic to other calculus and engineering mathematics problems and use Maple to verify our answers.
References
[1] | A. A. Adams, H. Gottliebsen, S. A. Linton, and U. Martin, “Automated theorem proving in support of computer algebra: symbolic definite integration as a case study,” Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, Canada, pp. 253-260, 1999. | ||
![]() | CrossRef | ||
[2] | M. A. Nyblom, “On the evaluation of a definite integral involving nested square root functions,” Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 1301-1304, 2007. | ||
![]() | CrossRef | ||
[3] | C. Oster, “Limit of a definite integral,” SIAM Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 115-116, 1991. | ||
![]() | CrossRef | ||
[4] | C. -H. Yu, “A study of two types of definite integrals with Maple,” Jökull Journal, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 543-550, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[5] | C. -H. Yu, “Evaluating two types of definite integrals using Parseval’s theorem,” Wulfenia Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 24-32, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[6] | C. -H. Yu, “Solving some definite integrals using Parseval’s theorem,” American Journal of Numerical Analysis, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 60-64, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[7] | C. -H. Yu, “Some types of integral problems,” American Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 22-26, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[8] | C. -H. Yu,“Using Maple to study the double integral problems,” Applied and Computational Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 28-31, 2013. | ||
![]() | CrossRef | ||
[9] | C. -H. Yu, “A study on double Integrals,” International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Vol. 1, Issue. 8, pp. 24-31, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[10] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Parseval’s theorem on evaluating some definite integrals,” Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-5, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[11] | C. -H. Yu, “Evaluation of two types of integrals using Maple,” Universal Journal of Applied Science, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 39-46, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[12] | C. -H. Yu, “Studying three types of integrals with Maple,” American Journal of Computing Research Repository, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 19-21, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[13] | C. -H. Yu, “The application of Parseval’s theorem to integral problems,” Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 4-9, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[14] | C. -H. Yu, “A study of some integral problems using Maple,” Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-5, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[15] | C. -H. Yu, “Solving some definite integrals by using Maple, ”World Journal of Computer Application and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 61-65, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[16] | C. -H. Yu, “Using Maple to study two types of integrals,” International Journal of Research in Computer Applications and Robotics, Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 14-22, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[17] | C. -H. Yu, “Solving some integrals with Maple,” International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue. 3, pp. 29-35, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[18] | C. -H. Yu, “A study on integral problems by using Maple,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue. 7, pp. 41-46, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[19] | C. -H. Yu, “Evaluating some integrals with Maple,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol. 2, Issue. 7, pp. 66-71, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[20] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on evaluation of definite integrals,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 479-480 (2014), pp. 823-827, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[21] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on the integral problems,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 479-480 (2014), pp. 849-854, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[22] | C. -H. Yu, “Using Maple to study the integrals of trigonometric functions,” Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology, Taiwan, No. 00294, 2013. | ||
![]() | |||
[23] | C. -H. Yu, “A study of the integrals of trigonometric functions with Maple,” Proceedings of the Institute of Industrial Engineers Asian Conference 2013, Taiwan, Springer, Vol. 1, pp. 603-610, 2013. | ||
![]() | CrossRef | ||
[24] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on the integral problem of some type of rational functions,” (in Chinese) Proceedings of the Annual Meeting and Academic Conference for Association of IE, Taiwan, D357-D362, 2012. | ||
![]() | |||
[25] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on some integral problems,” (in Chinese) Proceedings of the International Conference on Safety & Security Management and Engineering Technology 2012, Taiwan, pp. 290-294, 2012. | ||
![]() | |||
[26] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on some type of integral problem,” (in Chinese) Proceedings of the Ubiquitous-Home Conference 2012, Taiwan, pp. 206-210, 2012. | ||
![]() | |||
[27] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple on evaluating the closed forms of two types of integrals,” (in Chinese) Proceedings of the 17th Mobile Computing Workshop, Taiwan, ID 16, 2012. | ||
![]() | |||
[28] | C. -H. Yu, “Application of Maple: taking two special integral problems as examples,” (in Chinese) Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge Community, Taiwan, pp. 803-811, 2012. | ||
![]() | |||
[29] | C. -H. Yu, “Evaluating some types of definite integrals,” American Journal of Software Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 13-15, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[30] | C. -H. Yu and B. -H. Chen, “Solving some types of integrals using Maple,” Universal Journal of Computational Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 39-47, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[31] | C. -H. Yu and S. -D. Sheu “Using area mean value theorem to solve some double integrals,” Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory, in press, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[32] | T. -J. Chen and C. -H. Yu, “A study on the integral problems of trigonometric functions using two methods,” Wulfenia Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 76-86, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[33] | T. -J. Chen and C. -H. Yu, “Fourier series expansions of some definite integrals,” Sylwan Journal, Vol. 158, Issue. 5, pp. 124-131, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[34] | T. -J. Chen and C. -H. Yu, “Evaluating some definite integrals using generalized Cauchy integral formula,” Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, Vol. 64, Issue. 5, pp. 52-63, 2014. | ||
![]() | |||
[35] | R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown, Complex variables and applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984. | ||
![]() | |||
[36] | T. M. Apostol, Mathematical analysis (2nd ed.), Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1975. | ||
![]() | |||