Background: With the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya, counties, cities and towns are creating and recreating their solid waste management systems. Taking Kisumu as a case, this study assesses the existing solid waste management system and how best to recreate it while giving special emphasis to its system configuration, governance framework and waste economy. Methods: Data was collected through group discussions, in depth interviews, document reviews, observations, and a city wide survey of solid waste generation and management. Results were analysed through content and critical analyses and descriptive statistics. Results and Conclusion: The existing configuration does not ensure service delivery to all while the governance framework is not up to the task at hand. Furthermore, the City’s waste economy fails to capture a number of waste resources but loses them to Kachok dumpsite as wastes. Recommendation: First, to better recreate the City’s solid waste management system, its configuration should be designed to ensure service delivery to all. Then its governance framework and waste economy be recreated to seamlessly and sustainably fit this configuration. Moreover, in order to increase the recovery of value from wastes, sorting at source and return funds should be engrained in the system. Additionally, the involvement of resident associations will help improve governance at the residential level. Finally, for all systems, processes, and facilities, performance standards, regular monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be established and enforced.
| [1] | Ezeah, C., & Roberts, C. L. (2014). Waste governance agenda in Nigerian cities: A comparative analysis. Habitat international, 41, 121-128.View Article |
| [2] | Godfrey, L., Ahmed, M. T., Gebremedhin, K. G., Katima, J. H., Oelofse, S., Osibanjo, O., ... & Yonli, A. H. (2019). Solid Waste Management in Africa: Governance Failure or Development Opportunity? In Regional Development in Africa. IntechOpen.View Article |
| [3] | Godfrey, L. (2018). Overview of the Africa Waste Management Outlook. Launch of the UN Africa Waste Management Outlook. CSIR, Pretoria. http://sustainabilityweek. co. za/assets/files/Day, 203. |
| [4] | Kazungu, R. K. (2010). Improving governance for sustainable waste management in Nairobi. In 46th ISOCARP Congress (Vol. 1, No. 8). |
| [5] | Kabera, T., Wilson, D. C., & Nishimwe, H. (2019). Benchmarking performance of solid waste management and recycling systems in East Africa: Comparing Kigali Rwanda with other major cities. Waste Management & Research, 37(1_suppl), 58-72.View Article PubMed |
| [6] | Kubanza, N. S., & Simatele, D. (2016). Social and environmental injustices in solid waste management in sub-Saharan Africa: a study of Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Local Environment, 21(7), 866-882.View Article |
| [7] | Bhuiyan, S. H. (2010). A crisis in governance: Urban solid waste management in Bangladesh. Habitat International, 34(1), 125-133.View Article |
| [8] | Bui, T. D., Tsai, F. M., Tseng, M. L., & Ali, M. H. (2020). Identifying sustainable solid waste management barriers in practice using the fuzzy Delphi method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 154, 104625.View Article |
| [9] | Emelumadu, O. F., Azubike, O. C., Nnebue, C. C., FAzubike, N., & Sidney-Nnebue, Q. N. (2016). Practice, pattern and challenges of solid waste management in Onitsha metropolis, Nigeria. American journal of public health research, 4(1), 16-22. |
| [10] | Awuor, F. O., Nyakinya, B., Oloo, J., Oloko, M., & Agong, S. G. (2019, March). How did Kachok dumpsite in Kisumu City develop into a crisis?. In Urban Forum (Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 115-131). Springer Netherlands.View Article |
| [11] | Pongrácz, E., Phillips, P. S., & Keiski, R. L. (2004, June). Evolving the theory of waste management-implications to waste minimization. In Proceedings of the Waste minimization and Resources Use Optimization Conference (pp. 61-7). |
| [12] | Wilson, D.C., Rodić, L., Cowing, M.J., Velis, C.A., Whiteman, A.D., Scheinberg, A., Vilches, R., Masterson, D., Stretz, J., & Oelz, B. (2015). 'Wasteaware' benchmark indicators for integrated sustainable waste management in cities. Waste management, 35, 329-42.View Article PubMed |
| [13] | Henry, R. K., Yongsheng, Z., & Jun, D. (2006). Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries-Kenyan case study. Waste management, 26(1), 92-100.View Article PubMed |
| [14] | Kim, A. (2008). Decentralization and the provision of public services: framework and implementation. The World Bank.View Article |
| [15] | Massoud, M. A., Mokbel, M., Alawieh, S., & Yassin, N. (2019). Towards improved governance for sustainable solid waste management in Lebanon: Centralised vs decentralised approaches. Waste Management & Research, 37(7), 686-697.View Article PubMed |
| [16] | Wit, J. D. (2010). Decentralised management of solid waste in Mumbai slums: Informal privatisation through patronage. International Journal of Public Administration, 33(12-13), 767-777.View Article |
| [17] | Mangai, M. S. (2017). An alternative solution to service delivery problems in developing countries (Doctoral dissertation, [Sl: sn]). |
| [18] | Lewis, B. D. (2017). Does local government proliferation improve public service delivery? Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(8), 1047-1065.View Article |
| [19] | Munala, G., & Moirongo, B. O. (2011). The need for an integrated solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 13(1): 65-78. |
| [20] | Schlueter, R. (2017). Solid Waste Management in the Developing World: The Role of Local Government in Kisumu, Kenya. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2654. Available at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2654 |
| [21] | Maldonado, N. (2010, May). The World Bank’s evolving concept of good governance and its impact on human rights. In Doctoral Workshop on Development and International Organizations. Stockholm, Sweden, May (pp. 29-30). |
| [22] | Durgekar, V. (2016). Towards sustainable waste management through technological innovations, effective policy, supply chain integration & participation. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 140-149.View Article |
| [23] | Sarkhel, P. (2013). 9 Municipal solid waste management in India. Environmental Scenario in India: Successes and Predicaments, 171. |
| [24] | Zhu, J., & Huang, G. (2017). Contract-out planning of solid waste management system under uncertainty: Case study on Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 1370-1380.View Article |
| [25] | Kruljac, S. (2012). Public-private partnerships in solid waste management: sustainable development strategies for Brazil. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 31(2), 222-236.View Article PubMed |
| [26] | Mbwette, T. S. A., Kalwani, J., & Yohana, L. (2015). Assessment on Vulnerable Youths Integration to Dar es Salaam Solid Waste Management for Improvement: Kinondoni Municipality Case. Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania, 20(1), 1-19. |
| [27] | Olima, W. H. (2013). Residents' Participation in Neighbourhood Management and Maintenance-Experiences and Lessons from Nairobi, Kenya. |
| [28] | Abdelbasir, S. M., Hassan, S. S., Kamel, A. H., & El-Nasr, R. S. (2018). Status of electronic waste recycling techniques: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(17), 16533-16547View Article PubMed |
| [29] | Siringo, R., Herdiansyah, H., Kusumastuti, R. (2020). Underlying factors behind the low participation rate in electronic waste recycling. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(2), 203-214. |
| [30] | Jara-Samaniego, J., Pérez-Murcia, M. D., Bustamante, M. A., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Paredes, C., López, M., ... & Moral, R. (2017). Composting as sustainable strategy for municipal solid waste management in the Chimborazo Region, Ecuador: Suitability of the obtained composts for seedling production. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 1349-1358.View Article |
| [31] | Kumaresan, K., Balan, R., Sridhar, A., Aravind, J., Kanmani, P. (2016). An integrated approach of composting methodologies for solid waste management. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2(2), 157-162. |
| [32] | Oloo, J. O., & Awuor, F. O. (2019). Suitability of Kibuye Market Organic Waste for Composting as a Means of Solid Waste Management for Kisumu City. Int J Waste Resour, 9, 370.View Article |
| [33] | Nunan, F. (2000). Urban organic waste markets: responding to change in Hubli-Dharwad, India. Habitat International, 24(3), 347-360.View Article |
| [34] | Fredrick, M., & Oonyu, J. C. (2019). Challenges faced by government and the private sector in the collection and disposal of solid waste in Kampala City, Uganda. African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management ISSN, 6(6), 001-012. |
| [35] | Widyarsana, I. M. W., & Salmaa, K. (2019). Evaluation of Waste Management Achievement in Padangtegal Pekraman Village, Ubud Sub District, Gianyar District, Bali. Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology, 2(2), 102-119.View Article |
