Abstract

This study aims to analyze accelerated education program implementation, especially (1) input (antecedents), (2) process (transactions), and (3) product (outcomes). The samples were determined by purposive with total number forty eight respondents, includes principal, teachers, students, and parents. The method was based on Stake model with qualitative approaches. Data collection used document analysis, in-depth interviews, structured observations and questionnaire, and were analyzed with descriptive qualitative method with program NVIVO 11, then interpreted narratively with research finding percentages. The result shows that accelerated education program implementation are input at 95.53%, but IQ only reaches 40%, and funding only 60%. Besides, process has an average 100%, unfortunately, teacher’s interest in teaching only 50% and evaluation system at 90%. On the other hands, products mean 100%, but national examination (UN) only 70%. This dissertation is expected, could contribute to knowledge on discovery model / paradigm of accelerated education program.

1. Introduction

Initial observation results, empirical facts in the field show that accelerated education programs held in schools are still found in shortage and require improvement. This is done so that the services provided for students who have the potential and / or special talents are in accordance with the needs of students and lead to the development of their potential optimally even maximal.

In line with the above findings, the authors conducted needs analysis through observation and interviews in some acceleration program organizers in SMA Unggulan DKI Jakarta found gaps experienced by teachers and students such as (1) teachers are too focused to pursue material achievement (emphasis on the cognitive / knowledge ) On the one hand, thus neglecting the education of students' attitudes and behaviors in order to form the character of the students; (2) from the student side too much content of teaching materials, both in terms of the number of subjects and materials so as to inhibit the social-emotional maturity of students. (3) the design of its own curriculum for acceleration classes, (4) provide training to teachers and students of acceleration classes (5) Services for gifted smart students are currently privileged for those already identified, and (6) are still oriented towards school-based giftedness (IQ), not yet oriented towards productive talent (performance Based giftedness).

To that end, the accelerator education program providers allow researchers to evaluate this accelerated program, focusing on the evaluation of the curriculum of the implementation of accelerated education programs for the special intelligent students. Conceptual acceleration, acceleration is given by Pressey (in Hawadi, ³⁰) as an advancement gained in teaching programs, at a faster time or younger age than conventional ones. Acceleration includes the requirement to avoid the obstacles to demand fulfillment in learning that enables exceptional intelligent students through faster material delivery than the average student's average progress.

Given, more than three decades / thirty years, precisely since 1974 government efforts pioneered educational service programs for students who have the potential of intelligence and special talent in the form of acceleration program policy (acceleration) (MoNE, ¹¹). Government policies from time to time regarding special education for students who have such potential and / or special talents continue to experience refinement. This is done so that the services provided really fit the needs of students and lead to the development of their potential.

It is estimated that more than 2% of school-age children, ie more than 1 million the number of intelligent gifted children are special in Indonesia. Treatment of this amount is limited in number (ie about 4,500 children), as well as the quality of learning in accelerated classes at schools designated by the government (Conny R. Semiawan & Frieda Mangunsong, ⁶⁸).

The condition is supported from the research results Hawadi, et al. (Hawadi, et al., Ministry of National Education, ¹²) on the accelerated learning program for Senior High Schools in 16 Provinces in Indonesia which concluded that the program was not considered to have a positive impact on gifted students to develop high intellectual potential. One of the contributing factors is data showing 25.3% of high school students only have general intelligence that works at below average level and only 9.7% are classified as students having the potential of intelligence and special talent. It is also reinforced by Wardiman Djojonegoro that experience in various countries percentage and distribution as follows: 1) Gifted students, 2 percent; 2) Fast learners, 12 percent; 3) General student population, 70 percent; 4) Slow learners, 10 percent; 5) Handicapped students, 6 percent (Utami Munandar and Conny Semiawan, ⁴⁸).

It means that in almost all grades 25% more students have below the standard of acceleration program and approximately 10% are classified as qualified gifted smart special, this is consistent with conditions in various countries that 2% of students who are classified as intelligent, 12% Above-average ability, 70% of students are average in general, 10% are slow learners and 6% have learning difficulties.

Another fact is that the accelerated program is not in accordance with existing laws in which special intelligent students still lack special treatment. With this acceleration program, acceleration students feel less social especially when

2. Theoretical Study

This study uses a program evaluation model developed by Stake (in S. Hamid Hasan, 2008: 206), called the Countenance Evaluation Model. Countenance It means whole or something favored (favorable). Stake program evaluation concept according to James W Popham (1975: 31-34) emphasizes two main activities namely description and assessment / consideration. Evaluation is done through three stages, namely antecedents (preparation or input), transactions (processes) and outcomes (products). This model is taken to focus and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of the process of organizing an accelerated education program. Scriven (in Fitzpatrick, J.L., Sanders, J.R, Worthen, B.R, 2004: 5) defines evaluation as an assessment of the worth or merit of something. Merit is defined as the price or superiority of the evaluan (evaluated), while the meaning of worth (meaning) leads more to the meaning or value of the influence of the evaluation on the environment. Evaluations can not be separated from standards and criteria. If a percentage of the phenomena evaluated indicates success then that status indicates the success of the evaluan.

In accordance with General Provisions Explaining Law Number 20 Year 2003 regarding National Education System, the Ministry of National Education is obliged to achieve the Vision of National Education as follows: "The realization of the education system as a strong and authoritative social institution to empower all Indonesian citizens to grow into quality human beings So as to be able and proactive to answer the ever changing challenges of the age. In line with the Vision of National Education, the Ministry of National Education is eager for the year 2025 to produce: INSAN INDONESIA SMART AND COMPETITIVE (Kamil Insan / Insan Plenary)" (Renstra Depdiknas 2000-2009, tt: 7).

A. Definisi Acceleration

Understanding acceleration according to Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) Depdikbud, 1997: 18) means: (1) the process of accelerating, (2) speed improvement; Acceleration and (3) speed change rate. Conceptually, the notion of acceleration is given by Pressey (in Hawadi, ed. 2004: 31), as an advance gained in teaching programs, at a faster time or younger age than conventional ones. This definition shows that acceleration includes the requirements to avoid the obstacles to demand fulfillment in learning and also to propose processes that enable students through faster material delivery than the average student progress. From the definition there are three notes. First, there needs to be a steady existence of a collection of materials, tasks, skills, and knowledge requirements of each level of learning. Second, requires a speed of desired and specific progress, through a curriculum suitable for all students. Third, the allegation when compared to peer age, intelligent students will be able to speed up faster through a standard learning program. In general opinion expressed Vialle and Carlton (Depdiknas, 2007: 17-19). There are two educational services for exceptional intelligent students, namely acceleration and enrichment. Acceleration (acceleration) is a program or activity that allows to complete more curriculum materials. While enrichment (enrichment) is a program that allows the expansion and deepening of curriculum materials in general. Educational services for exceptional intelligent students can be enrichment programs and a combination of acceleration-enrichment programs. In this program, students do not solely accelerate the completion time of study at school, but at the same time obtain escalation or enrichment of material with the provision of additional opportunities and learning facilities that are extension / deepening. The provision of accelerated services without escalating or enriching the material is essentially very disadvantageous to the students (Stanley in Semiawan (1b), 1994: 73). Special education for special intelligent gifted students is held in an effort to optimize the development of students' special intelligence potentials to produce superior output (output). To achieve these advantages, the input (input / intake) such as: students, teachers, education services, supporting facilities, management and education process is directed to achieve the objectives of the learning process (standard process).

B. Understanding Intelligent Students

The Unifactor Definition Model proposed by the United States Office of Education (U.S.O.E), (Now Department of Education of the United States), cited Marland in 1972, defined gifted and talented: "Gifted and talented children.

d. Model of Stake Program Evaluation

Theoretical Digest used in the Implementation of Learning Program in Acceleration Class

Based on the background of problem and identification / research focus, this research problem is formulated as follows: "how is the implementation of the accelerated educational program of smart students excel in SMA Unggulan X DKI Jakarta?" Specifically how are the implementation of inputs (antecedents), processes (transactions) and products (outcomes) accelerated educational programs special intelligent students in SMA Unggulan X DKI Jakarta? "

The results of the study are expected to be useful for: (1) providing feedback to stakeholders (teachers, students, principals, parents and all those who play a role in accelerated education) which is expected to be used to improve future programs. (2) to know the advantages and obstacles of the implementation of the accelerated education model, which can eventually be used as the basis for decision making on the improvement of acceleration education implementation process.

In addition, the results of the study are expected to be useful for other accelerated education education schools as a guide to further improve the effectiveness and excellence in management and learning and learning processes.

After the end of this study is expected to describe the implementation of the acceleration education model and the achievement of the acceleration education program objectives at the Unggulan X High School of DKI Jakarta Province.

3. Research Methodology

The study used a program evaluation method based on the Stake model. According to Stake model countenance as a model of qualitative evaluation (Stake in S. Hamid Hasan, ²⁷) Object evaluation is antecedents (inputs: students, teachers, curriculum, facilities and infrastructure, funds), transactions (process: curriculum implementation, And learning, teacher-student relationships, and evaluation systems used by teachers) and outcomes (product: students' smart intelligent absorption, intelligent student learning outcomes / criteria, intelligent special student adjustment, advanced study to exceptionally intelligent student universities, Residents of the school). This research tries to describe and describe phenomenon or relationship between phenomena studied in a systematic, factual and accurate within a certain time. And students in accelerated and regular classes are considered equivalent as objects in this study. Broadly speaking the implementation of the evaluation is shown in Figure 4 below.

The research object is a special intelligent student who is in the acceleration class in SMA Unggulan X DKI Jakarta Province. The subjects of the study were determined by purposive, 1 headmaster, 1 deputy headmaster, 2 teachers of guardian of acceleration class, 2 regular homeroom teachers, 6 teachers of acceleration class study, 4 regular study subjects, 3 Teacher / BP, 10 classy intelligent students of class XI, 5 students of intelligent class X, 5 regular students of class XII, 3 parents of special students, 2 school committees, and 4 administrative staff. Total 48 people.

This research is an evaluative research, using qualitative approach. In data collection, the instruments used are interview guides, documentation studies, observation guidelines and questionnaires. Testing of data validity is done by (1) credibility test, through observation, triangulation technique and source triangulation, member check, (2) Trasferability, by using evaluation result clearly, detailed, systematic, and reliable, (3) dependability, Through Audit of the entire process, and (4) confirmability, by tracing the origin of the data.

Primary and secondary data in the study were taken through observation, interview, questionnaire and document analysis. Prior to data retrieval, the instrument is validated first. Theoretical / construct validation is done by expert review, and / or panel. The process of theoretical study of a concept starts from the evaluation component, the evaluated aspect, the indicator to the translation and the writing of the instrument item. The researcher explains the expert who examines the instrument, the study procedure and the results of the study qualitatively. Furthermore, the researcher describes the procedure of qualitative / quantitative study and panel validation test.

While the Data Analysis Techniques collected from the results of the study were analyzed by descriptive method percentage, the analytical model used is interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman with three main components are interrelated and can not be separated, namely data reduction, data presentation, and draw conclusions / verification; Then interpreted narratively as research findings. (Matthew B. Miles & A. Michel Huberman, ⁴⁵)

The analytical model used is an interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman ⁴⁵, with three main components that are interrelated and inseparable, ie data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion / verification. Data of research result analyzed descriptively with program Nvivo 11, then present result of calculation in the form of percentage table.

4. Results and Discussion

The Special Capital City of Jakarta has five municipalities and one administrative district of the thousand islands. One of them is East Jakarta, which is located on the eastern side of Jakarta, a newly growing area close to the education centers, services and industrial centers of Pulo Gadung and Cakung. The existence of high school (Senior High School) Labschool as a place of research is located at Jalan Pemuda complex of Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Rawamangun Subdistrict, Kec.Pulo Gadung, into the East Jakarta City Region. SMA Labschool Rawamangun has seven grade (seven) classes each with two science courses and IPS, curriculum used is curriculum KTSP and curriculum 2013.Number of students per class of 38 students except acceleration class (15 and / 16 students Per class) .Status as a private school under the auspices of Pembina Foundation of the State University of Jakarta (UNJ). The number of teachers is 54 people, nonguru / administrative staff 4 people, 2 people laboratories, pramubakti (OB) 6 people. Number of class 20 classes (2 classes of acceleration) and Number of students in total approximately 720 students.

School Vision and Mission

Vision: Labschool is a school that prepares future leaders who are cautious, high integrity, strong fighting power, full personality, noble character, independent, and have high intellectual ability.

Mission:

1) Create a challenging learning environment, fun and meaningful

2) Conducting a humanistic and holistic inclusion learning process

3) Produce qualified graduates, have positive character, and have strong competitiveness

4) Make efforts to provide opportunities for educators and education personnel in order to have the initiative and independence in implementing creative and responsible learning.

5) Have educators and education personnel who set an example and perform their duties according to the purpose of the profession

6) Have a broad-minded leadership, oriented to the future and skilled in professional management

7) Establish partnerships with parents and communities in realizing Labschool's vision.

Evaluation standard criteria used are the theoretical standard of Stake evaluation model and objective standard criteria from the formal standard of accelerated program implementation from Directorate of Special Education Ministry of Education and Culture; Which will serve as the standard benchmark for measuring the level of achievement of accelerated education programs in schools. The standard criteria that will be used as a reference assessment has been presented in the previous chapter.

Based on observations, interviews, and document analysis, primary and secondary data were obtained. The following is the primary data:

1) SMA Labschool Rawamangun East Jakarta is headed by one principal and two Vice Principals of academic and student affairs. Have seven classes each level (21 Guardians, 31 teachers of study) each class 38 students (acceleration: 15 students) With 54 teachers, and three supervising teachers (BP / BK) and 4 administrative staff.

2) Schedule of Learning. This school only uses one shift, which is morning shift with teaching / learning activity from pkl.07.00 until at 15.30 WIB on Monday to Thursday, while Friday Fri, starting at 07.00 and finished at 11:45 pm.

3) Student Acceleration Class. SMA Labschool Rawamangun East Jakarta has 30 special intelligent students who are in two classes (class X and Class XII) Number of male students: 8 students and 7 female students. Custom Intelligence based on IQ: 15 students, by Product: 5 students

Secondary data in this research is a list of partner universities that accept graduate students of acceleration class. There are 11 students who can proceed to the top PTN.

Based on the exposure of the research data above, that the school that opened the acceleration class has been accepted by the community well. Especially those who have gifted children are intelligently special. However, the proportion of exceptional intelligent students served in the school is still very limited ie 30 students for two classes.

While the government policy for the development of accelerated education program is continuously improved, so that the pattern of smart gifted students can be served optimally in every unit of school / classroom activity that opens the acceleration class program. Thus, with the service model, gifted children of exceptional intelligence can obtain their rights according to their potential and are protected by national education system law proportionally and equitably.

The accelerated education program was originally a government project and was only conducted in government schools and private schools designated by the government as a model to serve gifted, intelligent, and highly exclusive gifted children, but in its development could serve all students from all communities whose children Has a special intelligent ability through the selection set by the accelerated class service delivery school. Information and socialization of accelerated education programs is needed both directly and in print and electronic media so that people in general know and recognize all accelerated education program services before they decide to send a special intelligent child in school / acceleration. With evaluation framework and monotoring Program of Giftedness (acceleration) that plot as depicted in groove chart Figure 5 below.

From the results of the overall evaluation of the components of the implementation of the accelerated education program for the input component (antecedents) obtained an average percentage of (95.53%) with very good category; Except for the IQ requirement of exceptional smart students at the time of admission of new acceleration program (40%) is still below the standard that should be (90%); And on the components of the provision of funds by the community to improve the quality of accelerated education programs that only have the contribution (60%) good enough category (not enough), which should be (90%).

While the result of evaluation on the component of the process (transactions) the effectiveness of the acceleration program implementation obtained an average percentage (100%) with the category of assessment is very good; Except in the interest of teachers teaching in accelerated classes (50%) bad category, should (90%) category very well; And the evaluation system used by new acceleration teachers (90%) is very good category (should be 90% very good category).

Furthermore, product evaluation (outcomes) shows that the average percentage of excellent students in the acceleration class reaches (100%) very good category, except on the achievement of UN value still not reached the standard that is (70%) category Well, still under the category of excellent satandar (90%).

From the description of the above results it can be concluded that all components have been running properly; Although among the components such as students who will follow the accelerated program based on IQ is not standard, also the cost / funding from the community is not sufficient to improve the quality of the acceleration program, on the one hand. On the other hand, teachers' interest and evaluation system must be improved so that the learning process in the acceleration class is more successful maximally (very good category). It is characterized by the product in which the accelerated students of the National Exam results (UN) just reached (70%) good category. This means it is still below (the standard should be high / very good: 90%).

5. Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the results of the above explanation, from the results of the findings analysis, it can be concluded that the accelerated educational program of special intelligent students in SMA Unggulan X DKI Jakarta has been done according to policy. And the finding of school-based acceleration education model / IQ (school based giftedness) and performance / gift-oriented (performance based giftedness). Although there is still an ongoing process it needs refinement. Because of the qualitative nature of research it is necessary to earnest effort in obtaining data from the field of research so that the results are more meaningful as a research findings to enrich the repertoire of education science especially education technology, the results below will be maximal, namely:

First, the input / atecedents: the result of the average category is very good (95,53%), except on the requirement of student IQ when entering into student of acceleration (40%) is good enough, and public funding (60%) less good category. Therefore it is necessary to: (a) be done at the beginning of student enrollment into accelerated student, (b) be screened and screened by skilled people. (C) Individual Learning Program (PPI) in high-quality because of the proportion of 40% face to face, 60% independent learning tasks. (D) realistic fund raising/costs to improve the quality of the accelerated program.

Second, Process / transactions: the average yield (100%) category is very good. Except for teachers' interest in accelerated teaching (50%) bad category and assessment system used by teacher in acceleration class (90%) category good enough. Therefore, it is necessary to: (a) the teacher training before teaching in the acceleration class and the training of the acceleration assessment system (b) the learning and learning activities should pay attention to the entry behaviors according to their talents and interests, as well as their ability in learning and learning process, Here is still common / classical (the approach of school based gfttedness, such as IQ) is more pronounced, when compared to a creative-oriented, product-oriented (creative-based) oriented approach that benefits the many and tangible communities.

Third, the product / outcomes: the average yield (100%) category is very good, except on the average result of the UN (70%) Good category, (still below the standards that should be 90%, high / excellent category) . It is therefore necessary to: (a) Efforts to develop the potential of sophisticated students in a sustainable manner, (b) Especially in the aspect of intellectual development: academic, social and emotional, spiritual, kinesthetic, competitive in learning process by applying innovative learning model joyful learning / PAKEM And other learning innovations that can be done by teachers and supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure, facilitate and involvement of related parties in realizing the process and learning outcomes of intelligent students special power and meaningful for their life.

Based on the above conclusions, the recommendation / suggestion that the acceleration education program needs to be continued and improved its quality starting from the planning, the process and its implementation by considering the following matters:

First, there needs to be a selection pattern that can capture and screen prospective students of acceleration early so that they are better prepared and matured academically, socially, psychologically and spiritually in following the learning in the acceleration class. Kurtilas (Curriculum 2013) should accommodate the needs of the accelerated students rather than eliminate them by integrating in regular classes / inclusions that would obscure the essence of the results of this study, which is in line with the Law and the constitution of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia so that students will be given special services in learning and learning according to potential And needs. Individuals qualified according to the talent potential and uniqueness of students is needed. Third, the students' actual (entry behavior) ability and variety must be the teacher's footsteps in providing quality acceleration learning service and meaningful. Fourth, the interaction between teachers and students in order to establish interpersonal relationships in the learning activities should continue to be improved in relation to the development of intelligence: spiritual, emotional and social, intellectual, kinesthetic and competitive (comprehensive and competitive intelligence) and the basic values of character / character Sublime as it is taught in Taman Siswa schools for the special intelligent students. So that special intelligent students are able to act Think globally act locally (think global, act locally). Fifth, Facilities and infrastructure are very adequate to continuously improved the quantity and quality in providing ease of learning and accelerated learning services on the special intelligent students so that the potentials that have developed and realized optimally and even maximal. Sixth, the amount of funds needed to improve the quality of accelerated education programs should be realistically aligned to the number and needs of schools and the state of special intelligent students so that their use will be very effective-efficient. Seventh, Implementation of evaluation should be done continuously and continuously, so that the result of decision given by teacher to its student is accurate, accurate and reliable. Enrichment of essential material is perfect for spurring their potential to grow better. Eighth, the same vision and mission by all school citizens who are involved and have the same interests about accelerated education for his special intelligent son, which is still very much needed by the community. And Ninth, prior to the implementation of a model, a continuous policy study and preliminary studies and studies will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of an implementation of the policy.Second, learning plans for special smart student is special because it is designing learning programs.

Individuals qualified according to the talent potential and uniqueness of students is needed. Third, the students' actual (entry behavior) ability and variety must be the teacher's footsteps in providing quality acceleration learning service and meaningful. Fourth, the interaction between teachers and students in order to establish interpersonal relationships in the learning activities should continue to be improved in relation to the development of intelligence: spiritual, emotional and social, intellectual, kinesthetic and competitive (comprehensive and competitive intelligence) and the basic values of character / character Sublime as it is taught in Taman Siswa schools for the special intelligent students. So that special intelligent students are able to act Think globally act locally (think global, act locally). Fifth, Facilities and infrastructure are very adequate to continuously improved the quantity and quality in providing ease of learning and accelerated learning services on the special intelligent students so that the potentials that have developed and realized optimally and even maximal. Sixth, the amount of funds needed to improve the quality of accelerated education programs should be realistically aligned to the number and needs of schools and the state of special intelligent students so that their use will be very effective-efficient. Seventh, Implementation of evaluation should be done continuously and continuously, so that the result of decision given by teacher to its student is accurate, accurate and reliable. Enrichment of essential material is perfect for spurring their potential to grow better. Eighth, the same vision and mission by all school citizens who are involved and have the same interests about accelerated education for his special intelligent son, which is still very much needed by the community. And Ninth, prior to the implementation of a model, a continuous policy study and preliminary studies and studies will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of an implementation of the policy.

References