Table 1. Relationship between students’ perceived stress and learning approach in the Online (W21), Hybrid (W22), and In-Person (W23) learning environments/lecture formats.1

From

Changes in Academic Performance and Learning Approach During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Comparative Study in Diverse Learning Environments

Hannah X. Glowacki, Teresa Siby, Kelsey Van, David M. Beauchamp, Elaina B.K. Brendel, Linda Kim, Jessie L. Burns, Jennifer M. Monk

American Journal of Educational Research. 2025, 13(2), 92-101 doi:10.12691/education-13-2-8