In this paper, we establish the general solution of a 2-variable quadratic functional equation f(2x+y,2z+w)=f(x+y,z+w)-f(x-y,z-w)+4f(x,z)+f(y,w) and prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of this functional equation.
One of the interesting questions in the theory of functional equations is the following (see 2):
When is it true that a function which approximately satisfies a functional equation F must be close to an exact solution of F?
If there exists an affirmative answer we say that the equation is stable. The stability problems of functional equations were raised by S. M. Ulam during his talk before a Mathematical Colloquium at the University of Wisconsin in 1940 15:
Given a group, a metric group
and a positive number
, does there exist a number
such that if a function
satisfies the inequality
for all
, then there exists a homomorphism
such that
for all
?
If the answer is affirmative, we would say that the equation of homomorphism is stable. The concept of stability for a functional equation arises when we replace the functional equation by an inequality which acts as a perturbation of the equation. Thus the stability question of functional equations is that how do the solutions of the inequality differ from those of the given functional equation?
Hyers 12 gave a first affirmative partial answer to the question of Ulam for Banach spaces. Subsequently, his result was extended and generalized in several ways (see e.g. 13). Th.M. Rassias 15 extended Hyers’ theorem in the following form where Cauchy difference is allowed to be unbounded:
Let and
be real normed spaces with
complete,
be a mapping such that for each fixed
the mapping
is continuous on
, and Assume that there exist constants
and
such that
![]() |
for all. In 1994, a generalization of Rassias' theorem was obtained by Gavruta P. Gavruta 10 in the spirit of Th. M. Rassias’ approach.
The stability problems of several functional equations have been extensively investigated by a number of authors and there are many interesting results concerning this problem. A large list of references can be found, the reader is referred to 5, 13, 14 and references therein for further information on stability.
Let X and Y be vector spaces. For a mapping consider the 2-variable quadratic functional equation:
![]() | (1.1) |
When we see the quadratic form given by
is a solution of (1.1). In fact, we can check that
![]() |
For a mapping Now, we consider the quadratic functional equation:
![]() | (1.2) |
In a one paper, by using the fixed point theorem method, C. Park 3 proved the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic functional equation (1.2).
In this paper, we investigate the relation between (1.1) and (1.2). And we find out the general solution and the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of (1.1).
Theorem 2.1. Let be a mapping satisfying (1.1) and let
be the mapping given by
![]() | (2.1) |
for all then satisfies (1.2).
Proof. By (1.1) and (2.1), we can show that
![]() |
for all
Theorem 2.2. Let and
be a mapping satisfying (1.2). If
is the mapping given by
![]() | (2.2) |
for all then
satisfies (1.1).
Proof. By (1.2) and (2.2), we can show that
![]() |
![]() |
for all This completes the proof.
In the following theorem, we find out the general solution of the main functional equation (1.1).
Theorem 3.1. A mapping satisfies (1.1) if and only if there exist two symmetric bi-additive mappings
and a bi-additive mapping
such that
![]() |
for all
Proof. We first assume that there exist two symmetric bi-additive mappings
![]() |
and a bi-additive mapping
![]() |
such that
![]() |
for all Then we have
![]() |
for all
Conversely, we assume that is a solution of (1.1). Define
by
and
for all
One can easily verify that
are quadratic. By 16, there exist two symmetric bi-additive mappings
![]() |
such that and
for all
Define
by
![]() |
for all Then, it is easy to investigate that B is bi-additive. This completes the proof.
In the following theorem, let be a vector space and
be a Banach space. Given a function
we set
![]() |
for all
Theorem 3.2. Let be a mapping for which there exists a function
such that
![]() | (3.1) |
![]() | (3.2) |
for all Then there exists a unique 2-variable quadratic mapping
such that
![]() | (3.3) |
for all The mapping A is given by
![]() |
for all
Proof. Letting and
in , we get
![]() |
for all Thus we obtain
![]() |
for all and all j. Replacing
by
in the above inequality, we see that
![]() |
for all and all
For given integers
we get
![]() | (3.4) |
for all and all
It follows from (3.1) and (3.4) that the sequence
is Cauchy. Due to the completeness of
this sequence is convergent. So we can define the mapping
by
![]() |
for all By (3.2) and (3.1), we have
![]() |
for all So
Moreover, letting
and passing the limit
in (3.4), we get (3.3).
Now let be another 2-variable quadratic mapping satisfying (3.3). Then we have
![]() |
which tends to zero as for all
So we can conclude that
for all
This proves the uniqueness of A. This completes the proof.
Remark 3.3. Let be a mapping for which there exists a function
satisfying (3.2) such that
![]() |
for all By a similar method to the proof of Theorem 3.2, one can show that there exists a unique 2-variable quadratic mapping
![]() |
such that
![]() |
for all The mapping A is given by
![]() |
for all
The authors wish to thank the editor and referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.
[1] | Czerwik, S, On the stability of the quadratic mapping in normed spaces, Abh. Math. Sem. Univ.Hamburg, 62, 1992, 59-64. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[2] | Gruber, P. M, Stability of isometries, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 245, 1978, 263-277. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[3] | Park, C, Generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic functional equations: a fixed point approach, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, vol. 2008, Article ID 493751, 9. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[4] | Najati, A, Hyers-Ulam stability of an n-apollonius type quadratic mapping, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin, Volume 14, Number 4, 2007, 755-774. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[5] | Czerwik, S. (ed.), Stability of Functional equations of Ulam–Hyers–Rassias Type, Hadronic Press, 2003. | ||
In article | |||
[6] | Kwon, Y.-H, Lee H.-M. and Sim, J.-S. et al, Generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of functional equations, J. Chungcheong Math. Soc. 20, 2007, 337-399. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[7] | Chu, Y-H, Kang, D. S and Th. M. Rassias, On the stability of a mixed n-dimensional quadratic functional equation, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin Volume 15, Number 1, 2008, 9-24. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[8] | Park, W.-G. and Bae, J.-H., On a bi-quadratic functional equation and its stability, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, vol. 62, no. 4, 2005, 643-654. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[9] | Bae, J.-H and Park, W.-G, A functional equation originating from quadratic form, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 326, 2007, 1142-1148. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[10] | Gavruta, P, A generalization of the Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of approximately additive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 184, 1994, 431-436. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[11] | Ulam, S. M, Problems in Modern Mathematics, Wiley, New York, 1960. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[12] | D. H. Hyers, On the stability of the linear functional equation, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 27, 1941, 222-224. | ||
In article | View Article PubMed | ||
[13] | Hyers, Donald H., George Isac, and Themistocles Rassias. Stability of functional equations in several variables. Vol. 34. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. | ||
In article | |||
[14] | Jung, S.-M, Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Mathematical Analysis, Hadronic Press, 2001. | ||
In article | |||
[15] | Rassias, Th. M, On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72, 1978, 297-300. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[16] | Aczel J. and Dhombres, J, Functional Equations in Several Variables, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1989. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[17] | Rassias, Th. M. (ed.), Functional Equations, Inequalities and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Londonm, 2003. | ||
In article | View Article PubMed | ||
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[1] | Czerwik, S, On the stability of the quadratic mapping in normed spaces, Abh. Math. Sem. Univ.Hamburg, 62, 1992, 59-64. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[2] | Gruber, P. M, Stability of isometries, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 245, 1978, 263-277. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[3] | Park, C, Generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic functional equations: a fixed point approach, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, vol. 2008, Article ID 493751, 9. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[4] | Najati, A, Hyers-Ulam stability of an n-apollonius type quadratic mapping, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin, Volume 14, Number 4, 2007, 755-774. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[5] | Czerwik, S. (ed.), Stability of Functional equations of Ulam–Hyers–Rassias Type, Hadronic Press, 2003. | ||
In article | |||
[6] | Kwon, Y.-H, Lee H.-M. and Sim, J.-S. et al, Generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of functional equations, J. Chungcheong Math. Soc. 20, 2007, 337-399. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[7] | Chu, Y-H, Kang, D. S and Th. M. Rassias, On the stability of a mixed n-dimensional quadratic functional equation, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin Volume 15, Number 1, 2008, 9-24. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[8] | Park, W.-G. and Bae, J.-H., On a bi-quadratic functional equation and its stability, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, vol. 62, no. 4, 2005, 643-654. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[9] | Bae, J.-H and Park, W.-G, A functional equation originating from quadratic form, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 326, 2007, 1142-1148. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[10] | Gavruta, P, A generalization of the Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of approximately additive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 184, 1994, 431-436. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[11] | Ulam, S. M, Problems in Modern Mathematics, Wiley, New York, 1960. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[12] | D. H. Hyers, On the stability of the linear functional equation, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 27, 1941, 222-224. | ||
In article | View Article PubMed | ||
[13] | Hyers, Donald H., George Isac, and Themistocles Rassias. Stability of functional equations in several variables. Vol. 34. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. | ||
In article | |||
[14] | Jung, S.-M, Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Mathematical Analysis, Hadronic Press, 2001. | ||
In article | |||
[15] | Rassias, Th. M, On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72, 1978, 297-300. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[16] | Aczel J. and Dhombres, J, Functional Equations in Several Variables, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1989. | ||
In article | View Article | ||
[17] | Rassias, Th. M. (ed.), Functional Equations, Inequalities and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Londonm, 2003. | ||
In article | View Article PubMed | ||