In order to discover new antibiotics, microorganisms, in this case fungi, are explored. However, the composition of secondary metabolites and their biological activity can be influenced by their habitat. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of two Penicillium oxalicum strains, one from the rhizosphere of the Solanum lycopersicum crop (Pos) and the other from the leaves of Solanum lycopersicum (Poe). The antibacterial activity was performed on six (6) clinical multidrug resistant strains and two (2) reference strains. The agar diffusion and Muller-Hinton liquid methods were used for susceptibility testing and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), respectively. For the susceptibility test, the Pos extract was active on all strains tested, whereas the Poe extract had a low activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus 931/18. The MIC and MBC of the Pos extract ranged from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. The lowest MIC and MBC values were observed with K. pneumoniae 815/18 while those of Poe extract ranged from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL. And the lowest MIC and MBC value was observed with S. aureus ATCC 25923. The Pos extract gave the best antibacterial activity showing that, fungi from the rhizosphere would therefore be the best candidates for antibiotic research.
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