Purpose: Although the classical ketogenic diet is an effective treatment in childhood epilepsy, it is difficult to maintain on the long term due to side-effects and dislike. Methods: Here we report a case of a child with frequent epileptiform discharges confined to non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and extensive cortical malformation. The child was started on a modified version of the classical ketogenic diet we refer to as the paleolithic ketogenic diet. Results: Subsequent follow-up electroencephalograms showed complete normalization of brain electric activity along with cognitive improvement. Neither antiepileptic medication nor vitamin supplements were used. The child strongly adhered to the diet as assessed by regular urinary ketone tests and laboratory work ups. Currently she is on the diet for 17 months. Neither side effects nor clinical signs of nutrient deficiency were observed. Conclusion: We conclude that the paleolithic ketogenic diet was effective, safe and feasible in this case.
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