Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the most critical public health challenges worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and societal costs. It has become particularly problematic in developing countries undergoing epidemiological transitions. Patients' knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification are crucial in managing hypertension. However, there is limited information on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hypertensive patients regarding lifestyle modification. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and factors associated with lifestyle modification among hypertensive patients attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital outpatient internal medicine clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, focusing on the renal and cardiac follow-up clinics. A total of 370 hypertensive patients were enrolled using consecutive sampling during the study period. Data was collected through a pretested, structured, interviewer-guided questionnaire. Data quality was ensured through supervision by fifth-year medical students. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 370 participants, 53.8% were female, with a mean age of 59.93 (±12) years. Additionally, 86.2% of the participants had comorbidities. The study revealed poor knowledge (40%) and poor practice (35%) regarding lifestyle modification, with a higher prevalence of poor knowledge among females. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant gap in awareness and practice of lifestyle modification among hypertensive patients. It is crucial to implement appropriate interventions from the time of diagnosis, particularly in clinics where patient follow-up occurs, to improve patient understanding and management of hypertension.