Disposal of groundnut waste is a major problem in agriculture sector. So, groundnut husk combined with cow dung was subjected to vermicomposting employing an exotic (Eisenia fetida) and a native (Perionyx sansibaricus) earthworm species. Separate vermibeds were prepared which contained crushed groundnut husk blended with cow dung in equal ratio (1:1). Vermicomposting was allowed for 90 days and different physicochemical parameters of vermibeds were monitored on 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90th day. The process of composting at different time intervals indicated significant increase in electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, but there was decline in pH, organic carbon and C/N ratio after inoculation of earthworms. The E. fetida was found better than P. sansibaricus in decomposition of agrowaste and production of nutrient rich vermifertilizer. This eco-friendly technology may be used by farmers for agrowaste conversion, income generation and environmental cleaning.
| [1] | Atiyeh, R. M., Subler, S., Edwards, C. A., Bachman, G., Metzger, J. D., Shuster, W. Effects of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticulture container media and soil. Pedobiologia, 2000, 44:579-590.View Article |
| [2] | Arancon, N. Q., Edwards C. A., Atiyeh, R. and Metzger, J. D. Effects of vermicompost produced from food waste on the growth and yields of greenhouse peppers. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 93(2): 139-144.View Article PubMed |
| [3] | Garg, P., Gupta, A., and Satya, S. Vermicomposting of different types of waste using Eisenia foetida: A comparative study. Bioresource Technology, 2006, 97:391-395.View Article PubMed |
| [4] | Pramanik, P., Ghosh, G. K., Ghosal, P. K. and Banik, P. Changes in organic- C, N, P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(13):2485-2494.View Article PubMed |
| [5] | Suthar, S. and Singh, S. Vermicomposting of domestic waste using two epigeic earthworms (Perionyx excavates and Perionyx sansibaricus). International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2008, 5(1): 99-106.View Article |
| [6] | Suthar, S. Vermicomposting of vegetable-market solid waste using Eisenia fetida: Impact of bulking material on earthworm growth and decomposition rate. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35: 914-920.View Article |
| [7] | Selladurai, G., Anbusaravanan, N., Shyam, K. P., Palanivel, K. and Kadalmani, B. Recycling of distillery sludge from sugarcane industry using bioresource technology. Journal of Applied Science Research, 2010, 6(3):218-233. |
| [8] | Kannan, J., Suganya, K., Balaji, T., Mohmad Haroon, A. R. Vermicomposting-sustainable method of agriculture residue management. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning, 2011, 18:99-103. |
| [9] | Ansari, A. A. and Ismail, S. A. Earthworm and Vermiculture Biotechnology, Management of Organic Waste. In: Kumar S, Bharti A, (Eds., 2012) IntechOpen, 2012, pp: 91. |
| [10] | Sinha, K., Valani, D., Soni, B., Chandran, V. Earthworm vermicompost: a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers for organic farming. Agriculture Issues and Policies. Nova Science Publishers Inc, New York, 2011, pp: 71. |
| [11] | Singh, K. and Chauhan, H. K. Potancy of vermiwash with neem plant parts on the infestation of Earias vittella (fabricius) and productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (L.) Moench. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, 5(1):36-40.View Article |
| [12] | Yadav, A., Gupta, R. and Garg, V. K. Organic manure production from cow dung and biogas plant slurry by vermicomposting under field conditions. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2013, 2(21): 01-07.View Article |
| [13] | Devcota, D., Dhakal, S.C., Dhakal, D., Dhakal, D.D. and Ojha, R. B. Economics of production and marketing of vermicompost in Chitwan, Nepal. International Invention Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science, 2014, 2(7): 112-117. |
| [14] | Soobhany, N., Mohee, R. and Garg, V. K. Comparative assessment of heavy metals content during the composting and vermicomposting of municipal solid waste employing Eudrilus eugeniae. Waste Management, 2015, 39:130-145.View Article PubMed |
| [15] | Swarnam, T. P., Velmurugan, A., Pandey, S. K. and Roy, S. D. Enhancing nutrient recovery and compost maturity of coconut husk by vermicomposting technology. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 207(207):76-84.View Article PubMed |
| [16] | Manohar, A. L., Tulasi, T., Gajjela, L. P., Prasad, M. D. A., Gopi, N., Mobeema, S., Rajesh, K., Srinivas, S. and Parasa, L. S. Vermicompost preparation from plant debris, cattle dung and paper waste by using three varieties of earthworms in green fields institute of agriculture, research and training, Vijayawada (AP). India. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 2016, 4(1).View Article |
| [17] | Kumar, S. Agro-waste management by vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida and Perionyx sansibaricus earthworms. The Scientific Temper, 2018, 9(1-2): 1-9. |
| [18] | Kumar, S. Vermicomposting potential assessment of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in leaf litter and kitchen waste plus goat dung bedding. Journal of Experimental Zoology India, 2020, 23(2): 1603-1609. |
| [19] | Kaplan, M. The national masters plan for agricultural development in Suriname. Final Report. Kaplan Planners Ltd. Regional and Environmental Planning, 2016, pp: 255. |
| [20] | Naidoo, K., Swatson, H., Yobo, K. S. and Arthur, G. D. Boosting our soil with green technology: conversion of organic waste into “Black Gold” In: Grumezescu A.M., Holban, A. M. (Volume 2, Eds. 2017) Food Bioconversion: Hand book of food bioengineering, Academic press, An Imprint of Elsevier, 2017, pp: 504.View Article |
| [21] | Dhruva, P., Gouchan and Lamichhane, J. Vermicomposting and its role in plant growth promotion. International Journal of Research, 2017, 4(8): 849-864. |
| [22] | Piya, S., Shrestha, I., Dhruva, P., Gouchan and Lamichhane, J. Vermicomposting in organic agriculture: influence on the soil nutrients and plant growth. International Journal of Research, 2018, 05(20):1055-1063. |
| [23] | Ramnarain, Y. I., Ansari, A. A. and Ori, L. Vermicomposting of different organic materials using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia feotida. International Journal of Recycling Organic. Waste in Agriculture 2019, 8:23-36.View Article |
| [24] | Singh, A., Karmegam, N., Singh, G. S., Bhadauria, T., Chang, S. W., Avasthi, M. K., Sudhakar, S., Arunachalam, K. D., Biruntha, M. and Ravindran, B. Earthworm and vermicompost: an eco-friendly approach for repaying nature’s debt. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, January 23, 2020, 42(2): 1617-1642.View Article PubMed |
| [25] | Munnoli, P. M., Jaime, A., Silva, T. da and Bhosle S. Dynamics of the soil-earthworm-plant relationship: A Review. Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant @Global Science Book, 2010, 4(1):1-21. |
| [26] | Datta, S., Singh, J., Singh, S. and Singh, J. Earthworms, pesticides and sustainable agriculture: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2016, 23(9): 8227‐8243.View Article PubMed |
| [27] | Bhat, S. A., Singh, S., Singh, J., Kumar, S., Bhawana and Vig, A. P. Bioremediation and detoxification of industrial wastes by earthworms: Vermicompost as powerful crop nutrient in sustainable agriculture. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 252: 172‐179.View Article PubMed |
| [28] | Raja, S. T, Bo Z, Ali, Z. and Liang, T. J. Vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology for better nutrient recovery and organic waste management in upland areas of China. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2019, 51(3): 1027-1034.View Article |
| [29] | Walkley, A. and Black, I. A. Determination of organic carbon in soil. Soil Science, 1934, 37:29-31.View Article |
| [30] | Anderson, J. M. and Ingram, J. S. I. Soil organic matter and organic carbon. In: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility: A Handbook of Methods. (2nd Eds.), CAB International, Oxford, UK, 1993, pp: 62-80. |
| [31] | Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of agriculture, 1954. Series: circular, 939: 1-19. |
| [32] | Simmard, R. R. Ammonium acetate extractable elements. In: Martin, R. and Carter, S. (Eds.) Soil sampling and methods of analysis, Lewis Publishers, Florida, USA, 1993, 39-43. |
| [33] | Atiyeh, R. M., Lee, S., Edwards, C. A., Arancon, N. Q. and Metzger, J. D. The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 2002, l84(1): 7-14.View Article |
| [34] | Tripathi, G. and Bhardwaj, P. Decomposition of kitchen waste amended with cow manure using epigeic species (Eisenia fetida) and an anecic species (Lampito mauritii). Bioresource Technology, 2004, 92(2): 215-218.View Article PubMed |
| [35] | Fares, F., Albalkhi, A., Dee, J., Bruns, M. A. and Bollag, J. M. Physicochemical characteristics of animal and municipal wastes decomposed in arid soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005, 34: 1392-1403.View Article PubMed |
| [36] | Suthar, S. Vermicomposting potential of Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in different waste materials. Bioresource Technology, 2006, 98(6): 1231-1237.View Article PubMed |
| [37] | Ponmani, S., Udayasoorian, C., Jayabalakrishnan, R. M. and Kumar, K. V. Vermicomposting of paper mill solid waste using epigeic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Journal of Environmental Biology 2014, 35: 617-22. |
| [38] | Mousavi, S. A., Sader, S. R., Farhadi, F., Faraji, M. and Falahi, F. Vermicomposting of grass and newspaper waste mixed with cow dung using Eisenia fetida: physicochemical changes. Global NEST J 2020, 22(1):8-14. |
| [39] | Nagavalemma, K. P., Wani, S. P. and Stephane, L. Vermicomposting: Recycling Wastes into Valuable Organic Fertilizer. An open access journal published by ICRISAT, SAT eJournal, 2006, 2(1):1-17. |
| [40] | Kaviraj and Sharma, S. Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresource Technology, 2003, 90(2): 169-173.View Article |
| [41] | Jadia, C. D. and Fulekar, M. H. Vermicomposting of vegetable waste: a biophysicochemical process based on hydro-operating bioreactor. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, 7(20): 3723-3730. |
| [42] | Pattnaik, S. and Reddy, M. V. Nutrient status of vermicompost of urban green waste processed by three earthworm species-Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavates. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2010, 1: 1-13.View Article |
| [43] | Arumugam K., Muthunarayanan V., Ganesan S. and Vivek, S. Efficacy of vermicomposting for recycling Tectona grandis and Casuarina leaf litter for organic fertilizer production. Indian Journal of Advance in Chemical Science, 2015, 3(2): 122-127. |
| [44] | Tognetti, F., Laos, F., Mazzarino, M. J. and Henandez, M. T. Composting vs vermicomposting: a comparison of end product quality. Compost Science Utilization, 2005, 13(1):6-13.View Article |
| [45] | Karthikeyan, V., Sathyamoorthy, G. L. and Murugesan, R. Vermicomposting of market waste in Salem, Tamilnadu, India. In: Proceeding from the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, 2007 (5-7 Sept. 2007, Chennai, India), pp: 276-281. |
| [46] | Singh, J., Kaur, A., Vig, A. P. and Rup, P. J. Role of Eisenia fetida in rapid recycling of nutrients from bio sludge of beverage industry. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2010, 73(3): 430-435.View Article PubMed |
| [47] | Guest, C. A., Johnston, C. T., King, U., Alleman, J. E., Tishmack, J. K. and Norton, L. D Chemical characterization of synthetic soil from composting coal combustion and pharmaceutical by-products. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001, 30:246-53.View Article PubMed |
| [48] | Loh, T. C., Lee, Y. C., Liang, J. B. and Tan, D. Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia foetida and their growth and reproduction performance. Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(1): 111-114.View Article PubMed |
| [49] | Suthar, S. Potential utilization of guar gum industrial waste in vermicompost production. Bioresource Technology, 2006, 97(18): 2474-2477.View Article PubMed |
| [50] | Ansari, A. A. and Rajpersaud, J. Physiochemical changes during vermicomposting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and grass clippings. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.View Article |
| [51] | Cabrera, M. L., Kissel, D. E. and Vigil, M. F. Nitrogen mineralization from organic residues: Research opportunities. Journal of environmental Quality, 2005, 34: 75-79.View Article PubMed |
| [52] | Singh, M. and Wasnik, K. Effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on growth, herb, oil yield, nutrient uptake, soil fertility, and oil quality of Rosemary. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2013, 44(18): 2691-2700.View Article |
| [53] | Joy, A. Management of industrial sludge by vermicomposting: A pilot scale study. International Journal of Civil engineering, 2017, 8: 1471-1478. |
| [54] | Dass, A., Lenka, N. K., Patnaik, U. S. and Sudhishri, S. Integrated nutrient management for production, economics, and soil improvement in winter vegetables. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 2008, 14(2): 104-120.View Article |
| [55] | Manna, M. C., Jha, S., Ghosh, P. K. and Acharya, C. L. Comparative efficacy of three epigeic earthworms under different deciduous forest litters decomposition. Bioresource Technology, 2003, 88(3): 197-206.View Article |
| [56] | Punde, B. D. and Ganorkar, R. A. Vermicomposting-recycling waste into valuable organic fertilizer. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) 2012, 2(3): 2342-2347. |
| [57] | El Jawaher, A. and Bin Dohaish. Vermicomposting of organic waste with Eisenia fetida increases the content of exchangeable nutrients in soil. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020, 23(1): 501-509.View Article PubMed |
| [58] | Basheer, M. and Agarwal, O. P. Management of paper waste by vermicomposting using epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae in Gwalior, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2013, 2(4): 42-47. |
