Figure 2. Hemispherical images used for the estimation of canopy openness of (a) gap site (canopy openness 69%) (b) non gap site (canopy openness 17.5 %)

From

Influence of Forest Canopy Gaps on Establishment of Mikania Micrantha Kunth, an Invasive Plant, in a Tropical Forest in Southern Western Ghats, India

N P Sooraj, R Jaishanker, C R Sajeev, V Saroj Kumar, D Lijimol, J Ammini

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2020, 8(5), 199-206 doi:10.12691/aees-8-5-3